Five key impacts of Brexit five years on | Global News Avenue

Five years ago, on January 31, 2020, Britain left the European Union.

On that day, Britain cut off a 47 -year political connection, but stayed in the EU’s single market and the customs alliance for 11 months to maintain trade flow.

There is one in North Ireland Separate arrangementEssence

Brexit is a huge division in politics and society, dominating political debates, and proposed disputes on its many years of influence.

On the day when Britain officially left the European Union, BBC Verify studied the five important ways of Brexit influence Britain.

Economists and analysts usually evaluate the impact of leaving the EU’s single market and customs alliance on British commodity trade on January 1, 2021.

Although the fact is that Britain and the European Union have reached a free trade agreement and avoided tariffs (or taxes) of import and export import and export.

Negative impact comes from the so -called “non -tariff disorders” -the timed, sometimes even complex new documents, enterprises must fill in and export to the European Union when import and export.

There are some differences in negative effects on the impact of specific Brexit impacts.

Some recent studies have shown British goods exports have decreased by 30 % If we did not leave the single market and the customs alliance, then they had it.

Some It is only recommended to reduce 6 %Essence

We cannot be sure, because the results depends to a large extent on the way researchers choose “anti -facts”, that is, if the country stays in the European Union, what will happen in Britain.

One thing we can believe reasonably is that companies with large British companies are more adversely affected.

They cannot cope with the capabilities of new Brexit cross -border bureaucracy. This is supported Sub -investigationEssence

Obviously, British service export -such as advertising and management consulting- Since 2021, it has done it unexpectedlyEssence

but Budget Responsibility Office (OBR)The government’s independent official forecast is still that the Brexit will be reduced by 15 % compared to other situations, and the import and export of goods and services will be reduced by 15 %. Since 2016, it has maintained this view, including the views under the leadership of the former government.

Another job assumption of OBR is that the decline in trade from other aspects will make the long -term scale of the British economy relative to other aspects, which is equivalent to about 10 billion pounds today.

OBR said it can modify these two assumptions based on new evidence and research. If the impact of trade is not so serious, the negative impact of estimates may decrease. However, there is no evidence so far that it will have a positive impact.

After Brexit, Britain can reach its own trade agreement with other countries.

A new trade agreement has been reached with Australia and New Zealand, and the government has been reaching a new agreement with the United States and India.

However, their impact on the economy is judged by the government’s own official influence evaluation. Compared with the negative impact on British trade, their impact is small.

However, some economists believe that Britain may still have potential long -term economic benefits without having to comply with EU laws and regulations that affect artificial intelligence and other departments.

Immigration is the key theme of the 2016 Public Decree Movement. With the freedom of action within the European Union, it can be freely visited, learned, work and live in British and EU citizens.

have EU immigrants and EU net immigrants have declined sharply (immigrants minus immigration) Since the voting of the whole people, the voting and the referendum have accelerated due to the end of the freedom of action.

But since 2020, net migration has increased significantly from other parts of the world.

The immigration system after Brexit took effect in January 2021.

Under this system, both the EU and non -EU citizens need to obtain a work visa to work in the UK (except for Ireland citizens, they can still have no visa life and work in the UK).

Since 2020, the two major driving factors of non -EU immigrants are working visas (especially in terms of health and care) as well as international students and their families.

As the financial situation worsen, British universities began to recruit more non -EU overseas students.

After graduating from the government of Boris Johnson, Boris Johnson re -introduced the rights of overseas students in the UK in the UK, which also made Britain more attractive to international students.

The subsequent conservative government reduced The right of people in work and Display students Bringing the caregiver and these restrictions are reserved by labor.

The freedom of action ended with Brexit, which also affected tourists and business travelers.

The British passport holders will no longer use the “EU/EEA/CH” lane at the EU border transit point.

People can still visit the European Union for 90 days within 180 days without visa, as long as they return at least three months of passport when they return.

This is suitable for British citizens to the European Union, and vice versa.

However, more changes have taken place in travel.

In 2025, the European Union plan was introduced New electronic entry export system (EES) -On automated IT system, for registered travelers in non -EU countries.

This will register the person’s name, type of travel documentation, biometric data (fingerprint and captured facial images), and entry date and place and export.

It will replace the manual stamping of the passport. It is unclear, but some of the people in the travel department said Worried that it may increase the border queue When people leave Britain.

EES was originally scheduled to be launched in November 2024, but was postponed until 2025. There was no new implementation date.

Six months after the introduction of EES, the EU said it would introduce a new one European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIA)Essence British citizens will have to obtain ETIA customs clearance to travel to 30 European countries.

ETIAS’s liquidation will cost 7 euros (£ 5.90), with a maximum validity of three years or until someone’s passport expires. If people get a new passport, they need to obtain new ETIA travel authorization.

At the same time, Britain introduced ETIA of EU citizens from April 2, 2025 (although Irish citizens will be exempted). British license- Known as electronic travel authorization (ETA) -Step 16 pounds.

The money sent to the European Union is a controversial theme in 2016, especially Well Campaign’s advocates sending 350 million pounds to Brussels every weekEssence

The European Union budget (the last fiscal year of the year before Brexit before Brexit) in the UK was 18.3 billion pounds, which is equivalent to £ 352 million per week. The British public department headquarters contributed to the EU budget. According to the Ministry of FinanceEssence

During the transition, Britain continued to pay the EU budget, but since December 31, 2020, it has not made these donations.

However, according to the European Union’s common agricultural policy (CAP) and “structural funds”, these European European budget donations are always partially recovered to the United Kingdom to support the skills of some economic poverty -stricken areas, employment and training, support skills, employment, employment, employment, employment, employment And training. In 2019-20, these are as high as 5 billion pounds.

Since the end of the transition period The British government has directly replaced the upper -limit payment with taxpayer fundsEssence

The ministers also replaced the EU’s structural funds, and the former government renamed it “British common prosperity “fundEssence

Britain also accepted negotiations The EU budget donation “rebate” is about 4 billion pounds per year -The money that has never really left the country,

Therefore, in the case of not paying the European Union budget, Britain’s net fiscal revenue to the UK is closer to £ 9 billion per year. Although this number is essentially uncertain, we don’t know what the British contribute to the EU budget.

As an official Brexit withdrawal agreement and part of its financial settlement, Britain is still paying the European Union to the European Union. The Ministry of Finance stated that Britain paid a net amount of £ 14.9 billion between 2021 and 2023It is estimated that starting in 2024, it will have to pay more than 6.4 billion pounds, although it has been distributed for many years.

Future payment under the withdrawal solution is also uncertain, partly due to exchange rate fluctuations.

However, Britain’s financial situation has other ways to separate from the European Union, which is separated from the EU budget and withdrawal agreement.

After Brexit take effect, Britain initially stopped paying to the Horizon Plan, which provided funds for scientific research on pan -European European.

However, Britain re -joined the horizon in 2023 And the European Union is expected to pay an average of about 2.4 billion euros (2 billion pounds) participating budget per year, although from a historical point of view, Britain has always been the net income of the plan because it has won huge gifts. British scientist.

Of course, there are many other Brexit impacts here. We have not reported here that from territorial fishing rights to agriculture to national defense. With the Labor Party’s search for re -setting in EU relations, this is a theme, which is expected to become a continuous source of debate and analysis in the coming years.